The global trend of cannabis legalization remains strong in 2025, and the cannabis industry in Switzerland, Brazil, France, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, South Korea, and other countries has made breakthroughs to varying degrees.
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Switzerland's Legalization of Recreational Cannabis is Moving Forward: A Comprehensive Regulatory Framework Has Been Introduced
The Social Security and Health Committee of the Swiss National Assembly (SGK-N) has proposed a draft federal law to regulate the cultivation, production, trade, and consumption of non-medical cannabis. The proposal was passed with 14 votes in favor, 9 votes against, and 2 abstentions.
The proposal argues that cannabis should continue to be considered a narcotic given the potential health risks. However, it also recognizes that cannabis consumption is a social reality and that the current prohibitive approach cannot effectively control its use. The proposed legislation aims to protect public health, strengthen youth protection, and improve safety by regulating access to cannabis and curbing the illegal market.
Under the proposed law, adults residing in Switzerland will be allowed to grow, purchase, possess, and consume cannabis under certain conditions. The sale or distribution of cannabis to minors will still be prohibited. Personal cultivation will be limited to a maximum of three female plants in the flowering stage. Adults can grow up to three cannabis plants for personal use.
Commercial production will be subject to strict requirements, including the need for a federal license. Cannabis products must meet quality standards and come in child-resistant packaging. The law will also prohibit vertical integration of organizations that simultaneously produce and sell cannabis.
The bill will also establish a state monopoly on the sale of cannabis products, with the market strictly controlled by authorities. Sales will only be made through a limited number of licensed points of sale and online by a single authorized retailer. Profits from these sales will be invested in prevention, harm reduction, and addiction support programs.
Cannabis products will be taxed, with the revenues redistributed through health insurance after deducting federal enforcement costs. Cantons (Swiss administrative regions) can also levy regulatory taxes and fees. Cantons will continue to play a key role in enforcement and will be responsible for monitoring product quality and sales.
The next step will be to prepare explanatory reports on the preliminary draft. The Commission plans to review the documents in the summer, and then stakeholders and affected parties will be given the opportunity to comment.
Brazilian State Agency Announces Cannabis Cultivation Research Plan
In recent years, more and more Latin American countries have relaxed restrictions on cannabis, especially for medical use.
Embrapa, the Brazilian government's agricultural research agency, said it will conduct a 12-year-long study to make cannabis cultivation possible in Brazil. According to Reuters, Celso Moretti, head of the agency, said in an interview that medical and industrial uses in the cannabis field are expected to expand, and it is important to accumulate knowledge to prepare for future legal changes.
In Brazil, cannabis for recreational purposes is largely illegal under current laws, but the use of medical products containing CBD (cannabidiol) is gradually expanding. Embrapa has been well-known worldwide for many years, mainly in tropical agricultural research, and plans to work with companies and external research institutions to advance its cannabis research program. The purpose of this research is to accumulate cultivation technology and quality control expertise for the cultivation of hemp (industrial hemp) and medical cannabis, and lay the foundation for the idea of legalization in the future.
Bittencourt said that about 10 domestic and international companies have contacted Embrapa about collaborating on cannabis research, from medicine to food, and promoting crop rotation.
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France Proposes a Referendum on the Legalization of Cannabis
Eric Piolle, the mayor of Grenoble and an ecologist, has made headlines when he urged President Emmanuel Macron to call a referendum on the legalization of cannabis.
Speaking to France Info recently, Piolle stressed the need for the French government to properly address the cannabis issue, advocating for public participation through the proposed referendum: "I suggest that the president take the initiative to hold a referendum on the legalization of cannabis so that we can take this issue seriously and not keep muddling through it."
Piolle's position is that the increasing number of people imprisoned for drug-related crimes is in contrast to the continued high level of drug trafficking. He said that "we are putting more and more people in prison, but the amount of illegal trade remains high," which highlights the ineffectiveness of current policies and the need for more substantial action.
While advocating for the legalization of cannabis, Piolle also criticized the current security measures to combat drug trafficking. He accused successive interior ministers of maintaining the status quo and not engaging in meaningful dialogue on decriminalization, claiming that “successive interior ministers have made drug trafficking their business by refusing to engage in any dialogue on decriminalization.”
“It is time to deal with cannabis pragmatically and effectively,” he said. His insistence on an open discussion on the matter reflects his belief not only in legalization but in shaping policy in line with public opinion.
Going forward, how Macron and the larger French political establishment receive Piolle’s proposal will be key. If conceded, this could mark the beginning of an important discussion around the viability of cannabis legalization, with potential changes not only in French policy but also in the broader cannabis legalization and regulation discussion in Europe.
Czech Cannabis Amendment Set to Fully Discuss Regulatory Reform
In the Czech Republic, deliberations on a long-stalled bill on cannabis restrictions have finally begun. According to local media outlet Cannabis Business, an amendment drafted by an official think tank in collaboration with experienced criminal law lawyers has been formally submitted to parliament to discuss the ongoing legislative reform of cannabis regulation in the Czech Republic.